Each building on this map carries a set of independently useful
readings. Switch colour to change which one is shown:
Typology: the building's likely use (residential,
commercial, industrial, etc). Typology rule shows which of
those were actually evidenced versus defaulted. Data source
shows which underlying dataset (OpenStreetMap or Microsoft) the
building's footprint came from.
Height / footprint: estimated height and
footprint area. Not every value comes from a direct measurement, some
are calculated estimates. Click a building for its height
source to see which.
Earthquake risk: a relative seismic-risk rating (Low to
Very High) for the area a building sits in, based on public disaster
planning data. This describes the area, not a structural assessment of
any individual building. Shaking intensity (San Francisco) is
the direct, ungraded modelled-intensity class (Moderate/Strong/Very
Strong) from a real USGS/ABAG earthquake scenario, rather than a
blended risk rating.
Soft-story compliance (San Francisco): real ground truth
from the City's own Mandatory Soft Story Retrofit Program - which
identified buildings are non-compliant, mid-work, or already
completed, not an inferred or estimated signal.
Retrofit priority: how much a given area may benefit from
seismic reinforcement, on the same Low to Very High scale, combining
more than one independent signal - the same rapid-triage spirit as
FEMA P-154 screening, not a substitute for a real structural
assessment.
Green proximity: distance to the nearest mapped green
space, a standard proxy for local cooling potential.
Tree canopy: measured tree-canopy cover in the surrounding
area, independent of green proximity above (this counts actual canopy
anywhere, not distance to a park entrance).
Climate zone (LCZ): the Stewart & Oke Local Climate Zone
scheme, the standard international classification of local urban form
(how densely built, how tall) used by researchers and city planners
worldwide. It describes form, not a specific temperature.
Sky view factor: how much open sky is visible from street
level in an area. Lower means more enclosed by surrounding buildings,
which matters for heat and outdoor comfort.
Elevation / slope: height above sea level and local
ground steepness, from satellite terrain data.
Air quality: Turkey's official Hava Kalitesi İndeksi (AQI)
reading from the nearest real ground monitoring station, Low to Very
High. PM2.5 is a separate, modelled fine-particulate reading
from satellite/reanalysis data - ground stations here measure PM10, not
PM2.5, so this fills that specific gap rather than duplicating it.
In San Francisco, a single real EPA monitoring station covers the
whole city, so air quality/PM2.5 read the same
everywhere - PM2.5 (by tract) uses California's
CalEnviroScreen census-tract model instead, for real neighbourhood-
level variation.
Environmental burden (San Francisco): CalEnviroScreen's
composite score, combining real pollution exposure with population
vulnerability (poverty, asthma, cardiovascular disease) per census
tract - California's official environmental-justice screening tool.
Heat severity (San Francisco): real urban-heat-island
intensity, Least Severe to Most Severe.
Solar installed (San Francisco): a real ground-truth flag
from the City's own building-permit records - whether a solar
installation permit for that building was issued and completed, not
an estimate.
Click a building for its full data, including which fields
are directly evidenced versus estimated.
Building footprints include contributions from
OpenStreetMap
(ODbL) and Microsoft. Tree canopy: © ESA WorldCover (Istanbul/İzmir),
USDA Forest Service & CAL FIRE (San Francisco). Heat severity: The
Trust for Public Land, USGS & EarthDaily.